享元模式

享元模式

享元模式的意图是复用对象,节省内存,前提是享元对象是不可变对象。

享元:对象级别的复用;也可以是对象的字段进行复用
实现方式:主要通过工厂模式,在工厂类中,通过一个Map来缓存已经创建过的享元对象,来达到复用的目的

代码实现

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
package design

// ChessPieceUnit 棋子享元
type ChessPieceUnit struct {
ID uint
Name string
Color string
}

var units = map[int]*ChessPieceUnit{
1: {
ID: 1,
Name: "車",
Color: "red",
},
2: {
ID: 2,
Name: "炮",
Color: "red",
},
// ... 其他棋子
}

// NewChessPieceUnit 工厂
func NewChessPieceUnit(id int) *ChessPieceUnit {
return units[id]
}

// ChessPiece 棋子
type ChessPiece struct {
Unit *ChessPieceUnit
X int
Y int
}


// ChessBoard 棋局
type ChessBoard struct {
chessPieces map[int]*ChessPiece
}



// NewChessBoard 初始化棋盘
func NewChessBoard() *ChessBoard {
board := &ChessBoard{chessPieces: map[int]*ChessPiece{}}
for id := range units {
board.chessPieces[id] = &ChessPiece{
Unit: NewChessPieceUnit(id),
X: 0,
Y: 0,
}
}
return board
}

// Move 移动棋子
func (c *ChessBoard) Move(id, x, y int) {
c.chessPieces[id].X = x
c.chessPieces[id].Y = y
}

单元测试

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
package design

import (
"testing"
"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)

func TestNewChessBoard(t *testing.T) {
board1 := NewChessBoard()
board1.Move(1, 1, 2)
board2 := NewChessBoard()
board2.Move(2, 2, 3)

assert.Equal(t, board1.chessPieces[1].Unit, board2.chessPieces[1].Unit)
assert.Equal(t, board1.chessPieces[2].Unit, board2.chessPieces[2].Unit)
}